Paper and Copyists in Viennese Opera Scores

Initials

Combination of letters in the watermarks Mark & Countermark (P&C Paper number)

A	cloverleaf / A & 3 crescents (P37)
A / HF	3 stars (6 points) in crowned coat of arms & A / HF (P31) A / HF / REAL & 3 stars (6 points) in crowned, coat of arms (P47) 3 crescents & 3 stars (6 points) / A / HF (P95)
AF	lying crescent / AF in coat of arms & lying crescent / 3 stars (6 points) in coat of arms (P12)
AS	3 crescents & crown & AS (P85)
AS – A	3 crescents / A & lily / AS (P2) lily / AS & 3 crescents / A (P41) 3 crescents & A & AS (P59) ornament (lily) / AS & 3 crescents / A (P73)
AS – F	AS in ornamental frame & 3 crescents / F (P93)
AS – M	3 crescents / M & cross / crown / St. Andrew’s cross (crossed keys?) & AS (P71) 3 crescents / M & lily / AS (P72) [no mark] & 3 crescents / M & AS (mirrored) (P79) 3 crescents / M & AS (P89)
AS – P	3 crescents / P & AS (P25) 3 crescents / P & AS (P97)
AZ / C	AZ / C in crowned coat of arms & 3 crescents / crossbow (P7) ZA / C in crowned coat of arms & 3 crescents / crossbow (P40) 3 crescents / crossbow & AZ / C in crowned coat of arms (P48) 3 crescents & crossbow / AZ / C (P52)
B / GT	3 crescents & crown with a pointed top / B / GT (P21)
BC	3 crescents & BC (P81)
BT	3 crescents & crown / BT (P68)
CS / C	flower / CS / C & 3 crescents / M (P5) flower / CS / C & 3 crescents (P11) 3 crescents / REAL (mirrored) & CS / C (P17) 3 crescents & CS / C (P20) 3 crescents & CS / C (P83)
FA / C	3 crescents & lily / FA / C (P22) 3 crescents & crown / FA / C (P38) 3 crescents & crown / FA / C (P69)
FC	3 crescents & FC (P61) 3 crescents & ornament / FC (P80)
FC – C	3 crescents / C & FC with ornament in between (P10)
FC – F	3 crescents / F (mirrored) & FC with ornament (anchor) in between (P84) 3 crescents / F & ornament (lily / heart / heart) / FC (P88)
FC – R	FC & 3 crescents / R (P35)
FF	3 crescents & falling star (5 points) & ornament / FF (first F mirrored) (P33) 3 crescents & falling star (6 points) & FF (P65) 3 crescents & falling star (5 points) & ornament / FF (first F mirrored) (P66) 3 crescents & falling star (5 points) & ornament / FF (first F mirrored) (P87) 3 crescents & falling star (5 points) & FF (first F mirrored) (P94)
FL	3 crescents & crown / FL (P49)
FV – A	3 stars (6 points) / FV & 3 crescents / A (P29)
FV – P	lily / FV & 3 crescents / P (mirrored) (P96)
FZ	3 crescents & FZ (P42)
GB	[no mark] & lily / GB (P50) 3 crescents & lily / GB (P90)
GF	3 crescents & crown with a pointed top / GF (P1) lying crescent / 3 stars (6 points) in coat of arms & crown / GF (P3) 3 crescents / REAL & crown / GF (P14) lying crescent / 3 stars (6 points) in coat of arms & lying crescent / crown / GF (P26) 3 crescents & crown / GF (P39) [no mark] & crown / GF (P43) 3 crescents / REAL & crown / GF (P45)
GFA	3 crescents / REAL & GFA (P46)
GS	GS & 3 crescents (P92)
IAV	[no mark] & crowned coat of arms / IAV (P67)
IAV / WOLFEG	crowned coat of arms / IAV / WOLFEG (P19) [no mark] & crowned coat of arms / IAV / WOLFEG (P75)
IRP	IRP & hunting horn in crowned coat of arms (P64)
LA	3 crescents & lily / LA (P86)
OA	lily / OA & 3 crescents (P44)
PGG	bird / P / GG (first G mirrored) (P57)
PS	3 crescents / REAL & PS (P27) crown / PS & 3 crescents (P82)
RA	3 crescents & lily / RA (P58)
RGA	RGA & 3 crescents (P55)
T/GB	3 crescents & crown with a pointed top / T / GB (P54)
VG	lying crescent / 3 stars (7-8 & 4 points) in coat of arms & VG (P9) ornament / VG & moon with nose, mouth and a big eye in crowned coat of arms (P53)
VV	3 crescents & VV (appearing as W) in crowned coat of arms (P51) 3 crescents & lily / VV (appearing as W) (P56)
VZ/C	3 crescents & crossbow & VZ / C (P63)
ZC	crossbow in coat of arms & 3 crescents & ZC (P60)
none	3 crescents & crown (P76)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21939/44mj3y
License: CCBY-SA
Last edited: 27.04.2026
How to cite:
Paper and Copyists in Viennese Opera Scores / Paper / Initials, last edited 27.06.2026,
https://doi.org/10.21939/44mj3y, retrieved 15.05.2026