Das wissenschaftliche Schrifttum befasst sich seit Beginn des „elektroakustischen Zeitalters der Musik“ mit aus hohen Schallpegeln resultierenden Problematiken (spätestens ab den 1960er Jahren, siehe dazu auch Palin et al; 1994, Petrescu beschreibt 2008 das Vorhandensein von 43 Studien in einer Metastudie).

Keine dieser wissenschaftlichen Studien geht jedoch auf Audiokompression, den loudness war, Dynamikverlust oder Intersample Peaks ein.

Damit ist festzuhalten, dass der loudness war und die Folgen des Dynamikverlustes in der Musik wissenschaftlich bislang noch nicht untersucht wurde und unser Projekt den ersten Ansatz in dieser Richtung darstellt.

Quellmaterial im tontechnischen Schrifttum findet sich insbesondere in den beiden Büchern von Owsinski.

A

  • Almstedt AC, Gustafsson T, Axelsson A: Risk of hearing damage in connection with pop and rock concerts. The maximum permissible sound level should be legally confirmed, Lakartidningen. 2000 Mar 8;97(10):1102-4.
  • Axelsson A, Lindgren F: Pop music and hearing, Ear Hear. 1981 Mar-Apr;2(2):64-9.
  • Axelsson A, Eliasson A, Israelsson B: Hearing in pop/rock musicians: a follow-up study, Ear Hear. 1995 Jun;16(3):245-53.

B

  • Bangert M, Altenmüller E: Apollos Gabe und Fluch – Funktionelle und dysfunktionelle Plastizität bei Musikern, Neuroforum 2/03,4-17.
  • Bengtsson SL, Nagy Z, Skare S, Forsman L, Forssberg H, Ullen F: Extensive piano practicing has regionally specific effects on white matter development, Nat Neurosci. 2005 Sep;8(9):1148-50.
  • Bhagat SP, Davis AM.: Modification of otoacoustic emissions following ear-level exposure to MP3 player music, Int J Audiol. 2008 Dec;47(12):751-60.
  • Birbaumer, Niels und Schmidt, Robert F.: Biologische Psychologie, 6.Auflage, Heidelberg 2006.
  • Bogoch II, House RA, Kudla I: Perceptions about hearing protection and noise-induced hearing loss of attendees of rock concerts, Can J Public Health. 2005 Jan-Feb;96(1):69-72.
  • Bohlin MC, Erlandsson SI: Risk behaviour and noise exposure among adolescents, Noise Health. 2007 Jul-Sep;9(36):55-63.
  • Bohne BA, Ward PH, Fernández C.: Rock music and inner ear damage, Am Fam Physician. 1977 May;15(5):117-8.
  • Brown EF, Hendee WR: Adolescents and their music. Insights into the health of adolescents, JAMA. 1989 Sep 22-29;262(12):1659-63; Comment in: JAMA. 1990 Feb 9;263(6):812-3.
  • Brusis T.: Acute hearing loss in the orchestral musician: Noise trauma or idiopathic sudden deafness?, HNO. 2010 Aug 20.
  • Bu G: Prevention of noise induced hearing loss in musicians of Chinese opera, Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Ke Za Zhi. 1992;27(2):73-5, 124.

C

  • Chesky K.: Measurement and prediction of sound exposure levels by university wind bands, Med Probl Perform Art. 2010 Mar;25(1):29-34.
  • Clark WW: Noise exposure from leisure activities: a review, J Acoust Soc Am. 1991 Jul;90(1):175-81.
  • Cudennec YF, Fratta A, Poncet JL, Rondet P, Buffe P: Effects of loud music on the Garde Républicaine musicians, Ann Otolaryngol Chir Cervicofac. 1990;107(6):393-400.

D

  • Dey FL: Auditory fatigue and predicted permanent hearing defects from rock-and-roll music, N Engl J Med. 1970 Feb 26;282(9):467-70.
  • Drake-Lee AB: Beyond music: auditory temporary threshold shift in rock musicians after a heavy metal concert, J R Soc Med. 1992 Oct;85(10):617-9.

E

  • Emmerich E, Rudel L, Richter F.: Is the audiologic status of professional musicians a reflection of the noise exposure in classical orchestral music?, Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2008 Jul;265(7):753-8.

F

  • Flugrath JM: Modern-day rock-and-roll music and damage-risk criteria, J Acoust Soc Am. 1969 Mar;45(3):704-11.
  • Fucci D, Harris D, Petrosino L, Banks M: The effect of preference for rock music on magnitude-estimation scaling behavior in young adults, Percept Mot Skills. 1993 Jun;76(3 Pt 2):1171-6.
  • Fucci D, Harris D, Petrosino L, Banks M: Effect of preference for rock music on magnitude-production scaling behavior in young adults: a validation, Percept Mot Skills. 1993 Dec;77(3 Pt 1):811-5.
  • Fucci D, Petrosino L, Banks M: Effects of gender and listeners' preference on magnitude-estimation scaling of rock music, Percept Mot Skills. 1994 Jun;78(3 Pt 2):1235-42.

G

  • Göthe CJ, Cynkier I, Lind ML, Blomberg R, Svensson EB, Ytterlind A: Exposure to noise by electronic amplified music--rock concerts carry a risk of hearing damage, Lakartidningen. 1992 Oct 21;89(43):3579-80.

H

  • Hanewinkel R, Sargent JD: Longitudinal study of exposure to entertainment media and alcohol use among german adolescents, Pediatrics. 2009 Mar;123(3):989-95.
  • Häusler R: The effects of acoustic overstimulation, Ther Umsch. 2004 Jan;61(1):21-9.
  • Haralampiev K, Petrovic D.: Evaluation of hearing in members of a wind instrument orchestra, Srp Arh Celok Lek. 1979 Apr;107(4):367-71.
  • Harrison RV: Noise-induced hearing loss in children: A 'less than silent' environmental danger, Paediatr Child Health. 2008 May;13(5):377-82.
  • Hétu R, Fortin M: Potential risk of hearing damage associated with exposure to highly amplified music, J Am Acad Audiol. 1995 Sep;6(5):378-86.
  • Hickok G, Poeppel D: The cortical organization of speech processing, Nature Neuroscience, Vol.8, May 2007, 393-402.

J

  • Jansson E, Karlsson K: Sound levels recorded within the symphony orchestra and risk criteria for hearing loss, Scand Audiol. 1983;12(3):215-21.
  • Jatho K, Hellmann H: The problem of acoustic trauma in orchestra musicians, HNO. 1972 Jan;20(1):21-9.
  • Jerger J, Jerger S: Temporary threshold shift in rock-and-roll musicians, J Speech Hear Res. 1970 Mar;13(1):221-4.
  • Johnson DW, Sherman RE, Aldridge J, Lorraine A: Extended high frequency hearing sensitivity. A normative threshold study in musicians, Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1986 Mar-Apr;95(2 Pt 1):196-202.
  • Johnson DW, Sherman RE, Aldridge J, Lorraine A: Effects of instrument type and orchestral position on hearing sensitivity for 0.25 to 20 kHz in the orchestral musician, Scand Audiol. 1985;14(4):215-21.
  • Juman S, Karmody CS, Simeon D.: Hearing loss in steelband musicians, Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004 Oct;131(4):461-5.

K

  • Kähäri KR, Axelsson A, Hellström PA, Zachau G.: Hearing development in classical orchestral musicians. A follow-up study, Scand Audiol. 2001;30(3):141-9.
  • Kähäri KR, Axelsson A, Hellström PA, Zachau G.: Hearing assessment of classical orchestral musicians, Scand Audiol. 2001;30(1):13-23.
  • Kähärit K, Zachau G, Eklöf M, Sandsjö L, Möller C: Assessment of hearing and hearing disorders in rock/jazz musicians, Int J Audiol. 2003 Jul;42(5):279-88.
  • Karlsson K, Lundquist PG, Olaussen T: The hearing of symphony orchestra musicians, Scand Audiol. 1983;12(4):257-64.
  • Kumar A, Mathew K, Alexander SA, Kiran C : Output sound pressure levels of personal music systems and their effect on hearing, Noise Health. 2009 Jul-Sep;11(44):132-40.

L

  • Lebo CP, Oliphant KS, Garrett J: Acoustic trauma from rock-and-roll music, Calif Med. 1967 Nov;107(5):378-80.Lipscomb DM: Ear damage from exposure to rock and roll music, Arch Otolaryngol. 1969 Nov;90(5):545-55.
  • Lindhardt BO: Hearing disorders and rock music, Ugeskr Laeger. 2008 Dec 15;170(51):4233-5.
  • Liu S, Hayden GF.: Maladies in musicians, South Med J. 2002 Jul;95(7):727-34.

M

  • Maia JR, Russo IC: Study of the hearing of rock and roll musicians, Pro Fono. 2008 Jan-Mar;20(1):49-54.
  • McBride D, Gill F, Proops D, Harrington M, Gardiner K, Attwell C.: Noise and the classical musician, BMJ. 1992 Dec 19-26;305(6868):1561-3.
  • Mercier V, Hohmann BW: Is Electronically Amplified Music too Loud? What do Young People Think?, Noise Health. 2002;4(16):47-55.
  • Metternich FU, Brusis T: Acute hearing loss and tinnitus caused by amplified recreational music, Laryngorhinootologie. 1999 Nov;78(11):614-9.
  • Morais D, Benito JI, Almaraz A.: Acoustic trauma in classical music players, Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp. 2007 Nov;58(9):401-7.
  • Moreno S, Marques C, Santos A, Santos M, Castro SL, Besson M.: Musical training influences linguistic abilities in 8-year-old children: more evidence for brain plasticity, Cereb Cortex. 2009 Mar;19(3):712-23.
  • Mostafapour SP, Lahargoue K, Gates GA: Noise-induced hearing loss in young adults: the role of personal listening devices and other sources of leisure noise, Laryngoscope. 1998 Dec;108(12):1832-9.

O

  • Obeling L, Poulsen T.: Hearing ability in Danish symphony orchestra musicians, Noise Health. 1999;1(2):43-49.
  • O'Brien I, Wilson W, Bradley A.: Nature of orchestral noise., J Acoust Soc Am. 2008 Aug;124(2):926-39.
  • Okada H, Yamane H, Nakai Y: Morphological changes of the spiral vessel after rock music exposure, Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 1991;486:61-5.
  • Ono H, Deguchi T, Ino T, Okamoto K, Takyu H: The level of the musical loud sound and noise induced hearing impairment, J UOEH. 1986 Mar 20;8 Suppl:151-61.
  • Oohashi T, Nishina E, Honda M, Yonekura Y, Fuwamoto Y, Kawai N, Maekawa T, Nakamura S, Fukuyama H, Shibasaki H: Inaudible high-frequency sounds affect brain activity: hypersonic effect, J Neurophysiol. 2000 Jun;83(6):3548-58.
  • Oohashi T, Kawai N, Nishina E, Honda M, Yagi R, Nakamura S, Morimoto M, Maekawa T, Yonekura Y, Shibasaki H: The role of biological system other than auditory air-conduction in the emergence of the hypersonic effect, Brain Res. 2006 Feb 16;1073-1074:339-47.
  • Ostri B, Eller N, Dahlin E, Skylv G: Hearing impairment in orchestral musicians, Scand Audiol. 1989;18(4):243-9.
  • Owsinski, Bobby: Mischen wie die Profis. Das Handbuch für Toningenieure, München 2007.
  • Owsinski, Bobby: Mastern wie die Profis. Das Handbuch für Toningenieure, München 2009.

P

  • Palin SL: Does classical music damage the hearing of musicians? A review of the literature, Occup Med (Lond). 1994 Jul;44(3):130-6.
  • Petrescu N: Loud music listening, Mcgill J Med. 2008 Jul;11(2):169-76.
  • Pieper, Frank: Das Effekte Praxisbuch, München 2004.

R

  • Rabe, Jens-Christian: Was nicht knallt, hat keine Chance, Süddeutsche Zeitung, http://archiv.sueddeutsche.de/sueddz/
  • Rabe, Jens-Christian: Tage des Donners, Süddeutsche Zeitung, http://www.sueddeutsche.de/kultur/dynamikschwund-in-der-popmusik-tage-des-donners-1.268588
  • Reddell RC, Lebo CP: Ototraumatic effects of hard rock music, Calif Med.1972 Jan;116(1):1-4.
  • Rintelmann WF, Borus JF: Noise-induced hearing loss and rock and roll music,Arch Otolaryngol. 1968 Oct;88(4):377-85.
  • Robinson, Harlow: Sergei Prokofiev. A biography, Boston 2002.
  • Royster JD, Royster LH, Killion MC: Sound exposures and hearing thresholds of symphony orchestra musicians, J Acoust Soc Am. 1991 Jun;89(6):2793-803.
  • Ryberg JB: A national project to evaluate and reduce high sound pressure levels from music, Noise Health. 2009 Apr-Jun;11(43):124-8.

S

  • Sataloff RT: Hearing loss in musicians, Am J Otol. 1991 Mar;12(2):122-7.
  • Sayegh Ghoussoub M, Ghoussoub K, Chaaya A, Sleilaty G, Joubrel I, Rifaï K: Orofacial and hearing specific problems among 340 wind instrumentalists in Lebanon, J Med Liban. 2008 Jul-Sep;56(3):159-67.
  • Schmidt JM, Verschuure J, Brocaar MP: Hearing loss in students at a conservatory, Audiology. 1994 Jul-Aug;33(4):185-94.
  • Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Probst R: Hearing in nonprofessional pop/rock musicians, Ear Hear. 2006 Aug;27(4):321-30.
  • Schmuziger N, Patscheke J, Probst R: An assessment of threshold shifts in nonprofessional pop/rock musicians using conventional and extended high-frequency audiometry, Ear Hear. 2007 Sep;28(5):643-8.
  • Siroký J, Sevcíková L, Folprechtová A, Miksovská O: Audiologic examination of musicians of a symphonic orchestra in relation to acoustic conditions, Cesk Otolaryngol. 1976 Oct;25(5):288-94.
  • Smitley EK, Rintelmann WF: Continuous versus intermittent exposure to rock and roll music. Effect upon temporary threshold shift, Arch Environ Health. 1971 Apr;22(4):413-20.
  • Speaks C, Nelson D, Ward WD: Hearing loss in rock-and-roll musicians, J Occup Med. 1970 Jun;12(6):216-9.
  • Strait DL, Kraus N, Skoe E, Ashley R.: Musical experience and neural efficiency: effects of training on subcortical processing of vocal expressions of emotion, Eur J Neurosci. 2009 Feb;29(3):661-8.
  • Strassmann, Burkhard: Hauptsache laut, NZZ Folio.
  • Strawinsky, Igor: Erinnerungen, Übertr. ins Dt. von Richard Tüngel, Zürich 1937.
  • Størmer CC, Stenklev NC: Rock music and hearing disorders, Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2007 Mar 29;127(7):874-7.

T

  • Teie PU.: Noise-induced hearing loss and symphony orchestra musicians: risk factors, effects, and management, Md Med J. 1998 Jan;47(1):13-8.
  • Torre P 3rd.: Young adults' use and output level settings of personal music systems, Ear Hear. 2008 Oct;29(5):791-9.
  • Truex D: Hearing loss & loud rock music, J N Y State Sch Nurse Teach Assoc. 1971 Fall;3(1):23-4 passim.
  • Turunen-Rise I, Flottorp G, Tvete O: A study of the possibility of acquiring noise-induced hearing loss by the use of personal cassette players (walkman), Scand Audiol Suppl. 1991;34:133-44.
  • Twardella D, Wellhoefer A, Brix J, Fromme H: High sound pressure levels in Bavarian discotheques remain after introduction of voluntary agreements, Noise Health. 2008 Oct-Dec;10(41):99-104.

U

  • Ulrich RF, Pinheiro ML.: Temporary hearing losses in teen-agers attending repeated rock-and-roll sessions, Acta Otolaryngol. 1974 Jan-Feb;77(1):51-5.
  • Umemura M, Honda K: Influence of music on heart rate variability and comfort--a consideration through comparison of music and noise, J Hum Ergol (Tokyo). 1998 Dec;27(1-2):30-8.

V

  • Vogel I, Brug J, Van der Ploeg CP, Raat H.: Discotheques and the risk of hearing loss among youth: risky listening behavior and its psychosocial correlates, Health Educ Res. 2010 Mar 25.
  • Vogel I, Brug J, Van der Ploeg CP, Raat H.: Prevention of adolescents' music-induced hearing loss due to discotheque attendance: a Delphi study, Health Educ Res. 2009 Dec;24(6):1043-50.
  • Voorhees RL: Rock music and hearing, Postgrad Med. 1970 Jul;48(1):108-12.

W

  • Walter O, Wienke A: Hearing defects after a rock concert. OLG Koblenz, Urteil vom 13. 9. 2001-5 U 1324/00, Laryngorhinootologie. 2002 Oct;81(10):739-40.

Y

  • Yassi A, Pollock N, Tran N, Cheang M: Risks to hearing from a rock concert, Can Fam Physician. 1993 May;39:1045-50.

Z

  • Zelený M, Navrátilová A, Kamýcek Z, Vlk Z.: Relation of hearing disorders to the acoustic composition of the working environment of musicians in a wind orchestra, Cesk Otolaryngol. 1975 Oct;24(5):295-9.

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